FLUID MECHANICS
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The subject of applied fluid mechanics
1.2. Historical background
1.3. Conception of fluid
1.4. Forces acting a fluid
2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
2.1. Density
2.2. Compressibility
2.3. Thermal expansion
2.4. Viscosity
2.5. Capillarity
2.6. Evaporation
2.7. Ideal fluid conception
3. STATICS
3.1. Conception of pressure
3.2. Properties of pressure
3.3. Conception of absolute and gauge pressure, vacuum
3.4. Units of pressure
3.5. Measurement of pressure
3.6. Euler equations
3.7. Bernoulli equation in differential shape
3.8. The main law of hydrostatics
3.9. Pascal’s law
3.10. Conception of equipotential surface
3.11. Absolute equilibrium
3.12. Relative equilibrium of horizontally moving liquid
3.13. Relative equilibrium of rotating liquid
3.14. The main force of pressure acting a plane surface
3.15. The main force of pressure acting a curved surface
3.16. Archimede’s law
3.17. Floatation and stability
4. DYNAMICS
4.1. The main concepts of a fluid flow
4.2. Flow continuity equation
4.3. Bernoulli equation for an elementary stream of an ideal fluid
4.4. Conception of hydraulic loss
4.5. Bernoulli equation for an elementary stream of a real liquid
4.6. Pittot tube
4.7. Geometric and energetic sense of Bernoulli equation
4.8. Bernoulli equation for a flow of a real liquid
4.9. Regimes of a fluid flow
4.10. Friction loss in a laminar flow
4.11. Structure of a turbulent flow
4.12. Friction loss in a turbulent flow
4.13. Minor loss
4.14. Chezy formula
4.15. Water hammer
4.16. Water hammer utilization
4.17. Cavitation
5. PIPELINE COMPUTATION
5.1. General rules of pipeline hydraulic computations
5.2. Application of Bernoulli equation
5.3. Application of Chezy formula
5.4. Pipelines in series
5.5. Parallel pipeline system
5.6. Branching pipeline system
5.7. Pipelines network
5.8. Pipeline with variable flow rate
6. OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
6.1. Flow types
6.2. Flow parameters
6.3. Admissible velocities
6.4. Channel longitudinal profile
6.5. Optimal proportions of cross section dimensions
6.6. Typical problems of channel computation
6.7. Subcritical and supercritical flows
6.8. Hydraulic jump
7. ORIFICES AND NOZZLES
7.1. The main concepts
7.2. Steady free flow through small orifice
7.3. Unsteady free flow through small orifice
7.4. Flow through submerged orifice
7.5. Flow through large orifice
7.6. Flow over weir
7.7. Flow over sharp-crested weirs
7.8. Spillway weir
7.9. Broad-crested weir
7.10. Flow through nozzle
7.11. Jet active pressure force
7.12. Jet reactive pressure force
7.13. Jet power transfer to vane
8. GROUND WATER FLOW
8.1. The main concepts
8.2. Darcy formula
8.3. Investigation of permeability
8.4. Dupuit equation
8.5. Seepage through embankment
8.6. Seepage to a well
8.7. Radial flow to a well in unconfined aquifer
8.8. Radial flow to a well in confined aquifer
8.9. Spherical flow to a well in confined aquifer
8.10. Ground water flow to interacting wells
9. HYDRAULIC MACHINES
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Vane machines
9.3. Centrifugal pump
9.4. Vortex pump
9.5. Operation of vane pump in system
9.6. Turbines
9.7. Axial turbines
9.8. Radial-axial turbines
9.9. Impulse turbines
9.10. Characteristics of turbines
9.11. Volumetric machines
9.12. Piston pumps
9.13. Hydraulic cylinders
9.14. Rotary machines
10. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
10.1. Dynamic systems
10.2. Couplings
10.3. Torque transformers
10.4. Power drives
10.5. Elements of power drives
10.6. Power drive element symbols
10.7. Rotary power drives of closed circulation
10.8. Rotary power drives of open circulation
10.9. Linear motion power drives
10.10. Principles of hydraulic power drive design
REFERENCES