Contents
Introduction
1. Testing of properties of clay
1.1. Collection and preparation of clay sample for investigation
1.2. Clay granulometry
1.2.1. Preparation of sample
1.2.2. Determination of the sand content in clay
1.2.3. Pipette method test for particle-size analysis of soils
1.2.4. Determination of the clay mineral content in forming mixtures
1.2.5. Determination of large-grained clay inclusions
1.2.6. Determination of the amount of the clay component
1.3. Sand of ceramic units
1.4. Selection of clay nonplastic rus content
1.5. Clay forming moisture
1.6. Clay plasticity
1.7. Clay coherency
1.8. Drying and firing shrinkage
1.9. Sensitivity to drying
1.10. Critical moisture of clay
1.11. Clay sintering
1.12. Clay refractoriness
1.13. Clay bloating properties
2. Investigation of the chemical and mineral composition of clay
2.1. Clay refractoriness
2.1.1. Determination of the loss on ignition
2.1.2. Determination of the chemical composition by XRF method
2.2. Investigation of the composition of clay minerals
2.2.1. X-ray diffraction analysis XRD
2.2.2. Simultaneous thermal analysis STA
2.2.3. Analysis of optical microscopy
3. Investigations of the properties of ceramic body
3.1. Water soak
3.2. Mechanical strength
3.2.1. Compressive strength
3.2.2. Bending strength
3.3. Frost resistance
3.4. Chemical resistance
3.4.1. Resistance to acids
3.4.2. Alkali resistance
3.5. Dilatometry - determination of the thermal expansion coefficient
4. Determination of the properties of ceramic products
4.1. Ceramic masonry units
4.1.1. Dimensions and their deviations
4.1.2. Compressive strength
4.1.3. Bending strength of ceramic bricks
4.1.4. Volume of voids and body
4.1.5. Density of the units and body
4.1.6. Water rise rate
4.2. Roof tiles
4.2.1. Dimensions and their tolerances
4.2.2. Bending strength
4.2.3. Water tightness
4.2.4. The required amount and weight of tiles for 1 m2 of roof area
4.2.5. Lime inclusions and frost resistance
4.3. Glazed tiles for interior wall decoration
4.3.1. Dimensions and their tolerances
4.3.2. Bending strength
4.3.3. Water absorption
4.3.4. Thermal resistance
4.3.5. Linear coefficient of thermal expansion
4.3.6. Cracking resistance of glazed tiles
4.4. Floor tiles
4.4.1. Dimensions and their tolerances
4.4.2. Bending strength
4.4.3. Water absorption
4.4.4. Hardness according to Mohs scale
4.4.5. Abrasion resistance of glazed tiles
4.4.6. Frost resistance
4.4.7. Chemical resistance
4.5. Expanded clay gravel
4.5.1. Particle size distribution
4.5.2. Bulk density
4.5.3. Compressive strength
4.5.4. Water absorption
4.5.5. Mass loss by boiling
4.5.6. Frost resistance
4.5.7. Granular shape coefficient
Literature